Mean turnout by fifth of English constituencies, ranked by deprivation
The gradient is consistent at every step: each fifth turned out between three and six points below the one above it, and 17.1 points separate the two ends.
Constituencies ranked by overall deprivation and divided into five equal groups of 108 or 109 seats. Source: MHCLG, English indices of deprivation 2025, with turnout from the House of Commons Library.